Theory Paper on Middle Adulthood using the System Theory with the Generalist Intervention Model

This paper will focus on middle-aged adults and the use of system theory. According to (Hutchison, E.D. 2015), The United States Census Bureau defines the middle adult age as 45 to 64. So, this paper will be using the U.S Census Bureau’s definition of middle-aged adults. This theory may be suitable for middle-aged adults because it considers all factors of a person life and environment to assist in guiding an individual to a course of action to one’s situation/experience. In this age group, most people have gone through different trajectories and a turning point in his/her life.

There are different types of system theories. Some of the systems theories are family systems, world systems, ecological systems, and social systems. The system theory views human behaviors as the outcome of reciprocal interactions of persons operating within linked social systems (Hutchison, 2015).  The central components/concept of the system theory are system, synergy, boundaries, open and close system, steady state, and equifinality.

The first component, system can be seen as having a grocery store. To make money and to have it run orderly, you have different smaller parts as interacting and interdependent parts. As it relates to middle aged adults, he/she may have a family, which represents separate interacting and interdependent parts. The next component is synergy. This is how one maintains self (i.e., homeostasis) by combining energy from the smaller pieces. A family may be stronger as one, than as individuals. The following concept is boundaries. Boundaries set limitations and rules for what is acceptable. This gives definition and identity (Ambrosino, R., Ambrosino, R., Heffernan, J., & Shuttlesworth, G., 2008)).

Another concept of system theory is open and close system. Open system is the willingness to include change. When referring to family, your boundary may only include mom, dad, and child. With the open system, you may add a friend and treat him/her like family. In a closed system, a family is only mom, dad and child. It is firm with its boundaries. Steady state is the process of consistent movement toward a goal and not stagnation. Lastly, equifinality, this understands there are many ways and alternatives to achieve a goal (Ambrosino, R., Ambrosino, R., Heffernan, J., & Shuttlesworth, G., 2008).

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Systems theory may work particularly well with middle adult-aged individuals because it includes the individual(s) and its environment. <NEED MORE INFORMATION To Tie Together for Middle Adulthood >

HOW THEORY GUIED GIM

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DESCRIBE CAUTION AND LIMITATION

There is some limitation to the system theory. The system theory does not address the individual’s psychosocial and intrapsychic aspects. Some professional believe because the system theory includes everything, it can easily overlook important issues of an individual(s) life. Social worker using the system theory might want to be mindful that some critical aspects of an individual may be overlooked because it is so broad. Social worker ought to carefully go through a client’s history to include, current situation and future. Going through this process will not only help the social worker have a better understanding of the client, but will allow the social worker to help the client navigate through the series of emotion, if any, and help client set and achieve the desired goal(s). I think what is missing from this theory is a direct flow chart of steps. I do understand that everyone is unique, but the system theory is too broad in my opinion.

Using the system theory may allow a social worker to make an adjustment to address/include an individual’s culture and traditions to achieve one’s desired goal(s). Social workers must always be mindful not to offend a client(s) culture and tradition. If a social worker has limited knowledge of a client’s culture, he/she should seek understanding from colleges, continue to educate self, and seek cultural competency. Social workers must also be mindful of his/her own biases and self-awareness.

All in all, after learning about the system theory, I have a better understand of the systems. The system theory can be used within organization. This theory is not limited to social work. Though there are different types of system theories and have more or less concepts, the outcome is still the same. The outcome is to achieve a desired goal(s) through a series of process. The message I got from this paper is that I have a lot to learn to be an outstanding social worker. I need to strengthen my knowledge and understanding of theories. I feel if I have a good understanding of theories, this will enable me to apply it correctly to my clients.

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