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War is the state of armed prolonged hostility between nations or groups with different opinions. The term “war” is common, and it has left many memories among people in history. President Bush, however, declared the War on Terror on 11 September 2001 as a result of terrorist attack, which killed 3000 U.S. citizens. This was aimed at eliminating Militant groups such as al-Qaida (Balkin, 2005).
On the fateful day, the Congress enacted law because of the power bestowed upon it to support resolution that President Bush had decided to attack Afghanistan and countries associated with the militants. This was contrary to what they enacted in 1970 in order to “maintain peace.” However, it was unlawful for the president to declare war, he refused to accept negotiation for peace between the Afghan leaders and the U.S. The U.S. treaty also prohibited the use of war as means of solving the conflict. The step was also against the U.N. charter to seek peaceful resolution. The president also ignored the International Court of Justice to solve the conflicts. The U.S. did not find any evidence in Afghanistan linking the September 2001 attack to them. The FBI director and the deputy director of the CIA publically admitted that (Clarke, 2004).
The action by the president was constitutional. This topic produced intense argument among politicians and the people. The Constitution provides power to federal government to defend the country against external interference as a means of maintaining nation sovereignty. It also prohibits possibilities to abuse those powers through separation of powers and federalism. Facing reality, an effective national agency needs to require range of responses about relationship between decentralized and centralized government, citizens’ and non-citizens’ rights and security, and how national security powers are related to law enforcement. The Supreme Court also upheld the step by President as Commander-in-Chief (O’Kane, 2007).
President is the Commander-in-Chief, required to support and defend the Constitution. However, the question remains to what extent the president has the mandate to execute this. Like in the case, the president’s aim to launch war on terrorism is supposed to protect the citizens of a country. However, contrary to that, Bush decided to attack countries for individual gains and not what the Congress agreed. He attacked Afghanistan, Philippines and undeclared war over drugs in Columbia. He interfered with the human rights by bombing hospitals and innocent communities, which are against the same law the President protects and international law. The horrific example is that 200 people die in the village of Karam (Clarke, 2004).
The events of September 11, 2001, indeed demonstrated the dictatorial way of solving issues by the President. Nothing can stand on his way. However, specialists consider it is wrong. Bush imprisoned suspected criminals without trial. According to memos, the Congress cannot interfere with the President mandate to combat the war because it is against the Constitution.
In conclusion, combating terrorism is an uphill task, but relevant authority should adopt the ways to cope up with it. The Obama administration has doubled the War on Terrorism, and killing of al-Qaida leader Osama bin Laden is evident. However, the Government has also facilitated for peace documents to be signed among conflicting countries.
References
Balkin, K. (2005). The war on terrorism: Opposing viewpoints. Detroit, MI: Greenhaven Press.
Clarke, R. A. (2004). Against all enemies: Inside America’s war on terror. New York, NY: Free Press.
O’Kane, R. H. T. (2007). Terrorism. Harlow, UK: Pearson Longman.
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