The grammatical roles (i.e. subject, object, etc.) of any verb can be semantically analyzed using argument roles (i.e. AGENT, PATIENT, etc.) in a logic that uses event variables.
Yourtask: Providealogicalanalysisofthefollowingsentences,specificallyincludingargumentroles, but also any other kinds of adverbial meanings ifneeded.
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Bianca baked in theoven
Answer:∃e [bake (e)∧ Agent (b, e) ∧ Location (oven, e)]
The pizza was baked in theoven
Answer: ∃e [ bake (e) ∧ PAT (pizza, e) ∧LOC (oven, e)]
Biancabaked
The pizza wasbaked
2 Quantification over tense andevents
Tense variables can be ‘re-introduced’ into a logical analysis that includes event variables. This is how it’s done.
Camillomeowed
∃t∃e [t<t0∧meow(e)∧AGENT(camillo,e)∧AT(e,t)]
Notice that last part of the formula: by using a special ‘AT ’ predicate we have a way of having the meowing event happen at the time t that is in the past, as specified higher up in the formula t < t0(alternatively tnow). That’s all there is to it!
Yourtask:Providealogicalanalysisofthefollowingsentences,includingbothtenseandeventslikein (1b)andtheotherconceptsthatwecreatepredicatesoutof(i.e.MANNER,INSTRUMENT,LOCATION, etc.)Note:therearenoindividualvariablesinanyofthesesentences.Assuch,inyourformulasyou can analyze definite descriptions like ‘the cupboard’ as in individual constant like the name ‘Camillo’ above. For example, ‘Camillo’ = camillo, and ‘the book’ = thebook.
John will arrive late bytrain.
Answer:
Note: t= time
∃t∃e [t<t0∧ arrive (e) ∧ PAT (J, e) ∧ MANNER (late, e) ∧ INST (train, e) ∧ AT(e, t)]
Francesca took the book fromArgo.
Answer:
∃t∃e [t<t0∧ take ( e ) ∧ AGENT (Fra
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