The effect of Age of Acquisition and how it interacts with the Valence Effect in famous name processing
A Title
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An Abstract
The age of acquisition (AoA) effect refers to the processing advantage that names, words, objects, that people learnt earlier in life will be easier to remember than information that is acquired later. This was acquired by participants cumulatively over a period of time. Manipulating AoA by choosing the celebrity name that had first become known to the participant. The effect of Age of Acquisition and how it interacts with the Valence effect in famous name processing. The effects of age were explored by testing participants aged from 18 -40 different ages and ethnic minority. Participants was told to press “Y” for yes which was indicate at right hand corner of the computer and “N” which was at the left hand corner of the computer to indicate no to the familiar or unfamiliar names.
The findings was significant AoA effect. A linear increase in reaction time was uncovered, with the participants being fastest to respond to the 1960s celebrities, than those from the 1970s, and being slowest to respond to celebrities from the 1980s. There was no age AoA interaction, although the AoA effect was most noticeable in the oldest participant group. The data showed that the long-term persistent influence of AoA on processing speeds. Moreover, they indicate that the effects of AoA are much more subtle than simply reflecting a difference between the earliest acquired stimuli in a processing domain and all later acquired names.
INTRODUCTION
The concept of Age of Acquisition (AoA) can be described as how people react to names, words and objects that are learnt earlier in life and how fast and accurate the reaction time will be in recognising them, than the names, words and objects which are acquired later in life. (Barry and Johnston, 2006). Previous studies have found that AoA does not only affect the visual aspect of memory, but it also includes words and objects. The aims of this experiment are to demonstrate that even though AoA effects are very well recognised at an empirical level. The hypothesis in this study aims to research names are familiar to the participants in the study; the reaction time will be faster when the names that are unfamiliar. The hypothesis is that it will take the participants longer to react when they are presented with an unknown name (Moore, et al, 1998). When focusing on Age of Acquisition this started in the early 1980s and most of the work has been done on the processing of words and objects, where researchers measure the speed and accuracy of participants’ recall of stimuli. Research has generally provided sound evidence for the effect of AoA, and much of the early research focused on the effects of AoA independent of other variables such as word frequency, image-ability and familiarity. Research confirmed that the effects of AoA, independent of other variables, were still present in processing conceptual information (object naming) and representational information (word processing) (Lyons, Teer& Rubenstein, 1978) and that the effect of AoA is more relevant in determining memory recall than word frequency (Carroll & White, 1973).
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