Technology and Civilization
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Human history has always been linked to civilization. As a result, it is not possible to think of human development in any other term. Civilization is described the progressive advancement of human society whereby the society moves towards reaching a higher level of human culture, industry, government, technology, science and division of labour (Guisepi, 2010). Civilization has also been used synonymously with culture. According to Guisepi (2010), this is due to the fact that culture and civilization are distinct aspects of an entity. Civilization has been viewed as an external manifestation expressed in terms of physical attributes such as agriculture, urban planning, social structure, tool making, and so forth, whereas culture has been viewed as an internal character of a particular society.
One the basic needs required in civilization is food production. The benefit of food production is that it has led to a significant improvement in the quality of human life as it has formed the foundation for human survival. Food production has also proven to be a significant element in advancing the economic as well as social development of human kind. The need to produce food has for instance, eliminated a number of debilitating as well as costly diseases that have a taken a serious toll on human health, as a result improving the quality of human life.
Another benefit of the basic necessities required in civilization and which has come out of the need to meet the basic necessities required in civilization is based on the fact to that they have become potent forces towards progress and development in modern civilization (Guisepi, 2010).Fossil fuels such as, petroleum; coal and natural gas have for instance played a significant role in the progress and development of modern civilization.
One effect of the basic necessities required in civilizations has been in terms of profit maximization. Profit maximization has been argued to be a driving goal towards meeting our civilization basic necessities such as food production, attainable healthcare, transportation and energy for electricity (Spencer, 2010). The current system to meet these necessities has been driven by quarterly profits, stockholder value, analyst expectations as well as financial backing to politically-connected oligarchies and very profitable firms. The effect of this has been that there has been significantly less emphasis as well as focus on end users who are consumers and taxpayers.
According to Spencer (2010), increasing individual/shareholder wealth has also been a significant effect of the basic necessities required in civilizations. It has acted as a driving force especially for corporations and investors motivated mainly by profitability. As a result of this, only benefiting politically connected individuals that mainly benefit the wealthy elite without regard for population as a whole.
Another significant effect of the basic necessities required for civilization has been pollution and the creation of geopolitical instability worldwide associated with energy production. Present energy production is entrenched in fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are resourceful but a significant source of pollution, increasing atmospheric CO2 levels (Spencer, 2010). The continued dependence on fossil fuels as a basic need necessary for civilization has therefore been a threat to the planet’s environmental sustainability in addition to creating geopolitical instability globally especially in the oil producing nations.
Technology has greatly created, changed and advanced civilization. In terms of creation of civilization, technology has played a crucial role rise of new forms of civilization which have been adopted in modern society civilization. For instance technological advances such as the invention of the internet has rapidly changed communication in all sectors such the running of government. The government is able to easily communicate to citizens through e-governance which has made the government easier.
Technology has also created new forms advancements in scientific aspects of civilization. For instance when we look at the medical field, advancements in technology has assisted doctors in treating fatal diseases that were very dangerous in the previous years. For example; chemo therapy for cancer patients.
Technology has changed civilization by developing faster processes in all areas of human civilization. Guisepi (2010) highlights that the progressive advancement of human society whereby the society moves towards reaching a higher level of human culture, industry , government, technology, science and division of labour has greatly been spearheaded by technology . For instance in the field of business technology has assisted in easy division of labour through business practices such as outsourcing which can easily be done through the internet and other web facilities.
Technology has also led advances in the appreciation of various aspects of civilization. Art as a form of human expression is composed of a wide variety of human activities such as literature, films, sculpture, music, photography and painting. All these elements of art have been used in the appreciation of civilization for instance more films have been produced that have enabled people across the globe to understand and appreciate diverse cultures.
Technology has also facilitated the advancement of civilization through increasing opportunities of advancing knowledge and skills. Education is one of the elements of civilization which has increased the knowledge and skills that people have. Technology has therefore played a crucial role improving education for example in the production of literature, the use of the internet for research and online studies.
The future promise of technological advancements supporting and advancing civilization in my opinion is bound to continue as society and civilization continues. However the costs associated to these future advancements are definitely going to be high. This is because the more advancement brought about by technology the more complex society becomes and the possible cost of technological advancements remains high.
Conclusion
From the above analysis, what is evident is that other than the intended benefits of technology advancements in supporting and advancing civilization.
Question 2
Technology has without a doubt played a significant role in as far cultures are concerned in the recent century. As a consequence, it has influenced many aspects of the human life. According to Cravens (2003), human culture and technology are constantly evolving in a dynamic relationship and all kinds of technologies are developing in a particular cultural perspective as a result of changing human needs or constraints.
Once developed, given technologies change a particular culture that gave it birth. When a given technology spreads out to a different culture, the cultural context influences the speed in which the technology is embraced as well as how it is used. The diffusion of various technologies to other cultures transforms those other cultures as well. The transformation in culture that a particular technology creates may then possibly influence the development of a different technology (Cravens, 2003).
In my opinion therefore, technology can be argued to be the most important agent of influencing how cultures change, thrive, and even become dominant. This is evident in the fact that even the simplest form of technology has the possibility of changing culture as well as the environment interaction which is part of culture in an unforeseen and undesirable ways. These complex interactions are all the results of a dynamic as well as a never-ending relationship between technology and culture.
References
Cravens, A. (2003).The Dynamic Relationship between Technology and Culture, Retrieved on January, 24, 2012 from http://fubini.swarthmore.edu/~ENVS2/S2003/Amanda/Paper2technologyculture.htm
Guisepi, R. (2010).An Overview of Civilization.
Spencer, M.(2010).Profit Maximization versus the Basic Needs of a Civilization – Food Production, Energy, and Healthcare Availability, Retrieved on January, 24, 2012 from http://redesigntheparadigm.com/2010/04/profit-maximization-is-weakening-the-basic-essentials-of-our-civilization/
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