Some research suggests that first born children may have higher IQ scores than their later born siblings. Do first-born identical twins have higher IQ scores than their second-born sibling? Data from a 1998 study by Tramo, Loftus, Stukel, Weaver, and Gazzaniga were analyzed to determine whether first-born identical twins have higher IQ scores than their second-born siblings. Ten pairs of adult identical twins were assessed and their Full Scale IQ scores were calculated.
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Get Help Now!Let μ1 and μ2 represent the mean Full Scale IQ score for all first-born identical twins and second-born identical twins, respectively, and let μd be the mean of the differences in IQ score of all identical twins (IQ score of first-born twin – IQ score of second-born twin).
Which are the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses?
(A) H0: μd = 0
Ha: μd > 0
(B) H0: μd = 0
Ha: μd 0
Ha: μd = 0
(D) H0: μ1= μ2
Ha: μ1 > μ2
Both (A) and (D) are correct.
The following is the (edited) output for the test:
From the output we learn that:
The data provide sufficient evidence to reject H0 and, thus, conclude that the mean Full Scale IQ score for first-born identical twins is higher than the mean Full Scale IQ score for second-born identical twins. The data provide sufficient evidence to reject H0. We therefore conclude the data do not provide evidence to conclude that the mean Full Scale IQ scores for first-born identical twins is higher than that of second-born identical twins. The data do not provide sufficient evidence to reject H0. We therefore conclude that the mean Full Scale IQ score for first-born identical twins is higher than the mean Full Scale IQ score for second-born identical twins. The data do not provide sufficient evidence to reject H0. In other words, based on the data we cannot conclude that the mean Full Scale IQ scores for first-born identical twins is higher than the mean Full Scale IQ score for second-born identical twins.
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