Public health promotion programs are designed to improve health, prevent disease, and mitigate death. These programs also promote a better quality of life and advocate conditions in which people can be healthier and have a better quality of life. Successful health promotion programs are designed in such a way that they assess the fundamental cause or causes of certain health problems or unhealthy behaviors.
The program then incorporates actual interventions to address the problems and behaviors linked to the public health problem. In order to do that, health promotion workers/practitioners are using various theories related to health behaviors during the various phases of planning, implementing, and evaluating a certain proposed intervention.
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Get Help Now!Theories assist the public health practitioners in understanding the nature of certain targeted health behaviors. The theories are then used to explain the dynamics of the behavior, the process of changing the behavior, and the effects of external influences on the behavior. Theories assist the practitioners in explaining a certain behavior and suggesting ways to achieve behavior change.
Social Cognitive Theory
The Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) is an indicator that can further explain how people exhibit certain behaviors. At the same time, this theory analyzes and suggests specific intervention strategies that could be used to change negative behaviors and promote positive behaviors. Evaluating behavioral change depends on three main factors: environment, people, and behavior.
When we discuss the environment, we are referring to certain factors that can influence an individual’s behavior or behaviors. Some of these factors could be attributed to an individual’s surroundings (such as their immediate family, friends, and co-workers, to name a few). The person themselves can often have specific
influences that can affect other individuals in a negative or positive manner.
Also the physical environment or conditions that an individual lives, works, and socialize in may affect his or her behaviors. Examples include an individual’s food intake, his or her living conditions, or the safety conditions of his or her workplace.
Another factor is a situation or episode of an event. This is when an individual’s mental state, views, and perception are displayed at a particular moment or moments. Please note that those three factors outlined earlier (environment, people, and behavior) are actually consistently mingled together.
One of the examples of an application of this theory has to do with evaluating and changing college students’ behaviors towards consistently using contraceptive methods in order to protect them from sexually transmitted diseases. Research and data suggest that, in order to influence behaviors, it is important first to gather appropriate data about the shown behaviors and to provide the necessary information to the individuals so they can see the benefits of the proposed strategies. Secondly, researchers suggest that we need to gather and understand participants’ actual beliefs about the results once the recommended change strategies are taken. An evaluation of this process is needed to ensure quality and result-driven methodologies related to the targeted population.
Thirdly, researchers suggest that participants would feel confident that these strategies would be effective and consistent in changing their desired behavior or behaviors. It is important to persuade and encourage the participants by pointing out specific strengths of those change strategies.
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