Policy Discussion: The Economics of High American Health Care Costs Discussion Article and Initial Considerations: A quarter century ago in 1992, the U.S. Congressional Budget Office (CBO) performed a detailed analysis of the drivers of skyrocketing health care costs and mapped them to market influences in the report Economic Implications of Rising Health Care Costs. Read the “Introduction and Summary” section only (p. 1-9) of the CBO report here: Congressional Budget Office, Economic Implications of Rising Health Care Costs- Introduction and Summary (1992).pdfPreview the document You will note that the CBO analysts provide five primary causes for concern related to booming health care costs: Finite resources in health care markets that are not truly competitive; Limited access to care; Rising premiums for individual health care insurance and out-of-pocket costs; High health care insurance costs impact individual job choices as well as employer hiring decisions; and Health care costs burden already strained State and federal government resources. See Economic Implications of Rising Health Care Costs, Congressional Budget Office, 8-9 (1992). Many health care economists and business scholars would concur with the above-named points in today’s health care market. In fact, all of the CBO’s high-level causes for concern from 1992 remain largely the same in 2017. Nevertheless, several aspects of the American health care system looked quite different in the 90’s than they do today. Some initial considerations include: 1) Have any of the five problems above been altered or largely eliminated in the recent past? 2) How have advances in technology and prescription drugs impacted the exponential growth in today’s health care market? 3) How did the American health care’s decisive movement to managed care in the in the 1990’s and the rise of today’s consumer-driven health care system alter certain key issues described in the CBO report? 4) What role has competition among health care organizations played in bringing down costs? Directions for posting one initial post and one follow-up analysis (Steps 1-3): Step 1 (Research): After reading the CBO article and initial considerations above, please research existing and proposed health policy concerning health care spending. You may decide (but are not required) to use one of the following health policy search engines for your research. Make sure all of your source(s) are academic in nature and fact/evidence-based. (the reading in attached file) National Academy for State Health Policy: http://www.nashp.org/ (Links to an external site.) Kaiser Family Foundation: http://www.kff.org/ (Links to an external site.) American Medical Association Vision on Health Reform: https://www.ama-assn.org/ama-health-reform-vision (Links to an external site.) American Medical Association Policy Finder: https://policysearch.ama-assn.org/policyfinder (Links to an external site.) American Hospital Association: http://www.aha.org/ (Links to an external site.) Blue Cross Blue Shield Association: https://www.bcbs.com/news (Links to an external site.) Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services: http://www.cms.hhs.gov (Links to an external site.) Healthcare.gov: www.healthcare.gov (Links to an external site.) CDC National Center for Health Statistics Home Page: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/index.htm (Links to an external site.) CDCNational Center for Health Statistics Health Insurance: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/health-insurance.htm (Links to an external site.) National Conference of State Legislatures: http://www.ncsl.org/ (Links to an external site.) United Census Bureau: http://www.census.gov (Links to an external site.) Demographic data Department of Labor: http://www.dol.gov/dol/topic/health-plans/portability.htm (Links to an external site.)HIPAA and Health Plans. Also COBRA information Step 2 (Initial post): Provide one high-level analysis in three-four paragraphs of how the U.S. health care system has evolved since the CBO excerpt was written. Your short essay should include answers to the following high-level questions: What are some of the primary factors why health care costs continue to rise? Why is it challenging to curb this exponential growth? How have health care environments changed since 1992? Include citations throughout your post as needed. Step 3 (Follow-up analyses): Also, provide professional, academic analyses and comments for one of your classmates’ posts. Your follow-up post should be at least one paragraph and analyze: Are there additional considerations that relate to or rise out of these topics? If so, what are they? What other information from your research relates to your colleague’s post? Include citations throughout your post as needed. Citation requirements. Please ensure that each of your Discussion Posts are of academic qua
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