Amotivation: A state of lacking any motivation to engage in an activity, characterized by a lack of perceived competence and/or a failure to value the activity or its outcomes.Examples of Amotivation: An amotivated athlete might be heard saying, “I can’t see the point in training any more, it just tires me out” or “I just don’t get any buzz out of competition whatsoever”. Such athletes exhibit a sense of helplessness and often require counseling, as they are highly prone to dropping out.Extrinsic Motivation (Externally Regulated): Motivation driven by external factors, as opposed to the internal drivers of intrinsic motivation. Extrinsic motivation drives one to do things for tangible rewards or pressures, rather than for the fun of it.Examples of Extrinsic Motivation:1)A writer who only writes poems to be submitted to poetry contests.2)A person who dislikes sales but accepts a sales position because he or she desires to earn an above average salary is another example of extrinsic motivation.3)Selecting a major in college based on salary and prestige, rather than personal interest in the major is an example of an extrinsically motivated decision.Intrinsic Motivation (Internally Regulated): Defined as performing an action or behavior because you enjoy the activity itself. It is motivation that comes from inside an individual rather than from any external or outside rewards, such as money or grades.Examples of Intrinsic Motivation:1)Writing short stories because you really enjoy writing them.2)Reading a nonfiction book because you are curious about the topic.3)Playing chess because you enjoy effortful thinking is an example of intrinsic motivation.Externally Regulated vs. Internally Regulated– Rewards and punishments– Sees the importance of lessons– Desire to please others– Aligned with self-goals– “Do this, get that” attitude– Individual can see the connection to values– Desire to satisfy external demands– Individual can endorse the rationale– Feeling of one’s behavior being controlled– Feels in control of one’s behavior**** SDT also helps us understand how we might better support students’ three psychological needs that promote internal regulation (promotes success and healthy, happy, human functioning):Three Basic Psychological Needs:Autonomy: Freedom from external control or influence. Independence (feeling in control vs.feeling controlled). Are students able to endorse, identify with, and internalize the value of the learning activities, versus feeling conflicted, coerced to comply, only doing what is asked to obtain some external reward, look good in the eyes of others, avoid punishment or avoid feeling
guilty? For example, students are autonomous when they willingly devote time and energy to their studies.
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