Please read through 1)-3) carefully. Each question requires at least 2 paragraphs to answer.
We Write Essays for Students
Tell us about your assignment and we will find the best writer for your paper
Get Help Now!1) Discuss the various theoretical perspectives on aggression, including the research in support of or refuting these perspectives.(2 full paragraphs are required)
2)Respond to Student A (at least 2 full paragraphs required):
(Student A) Psychodynamic theorists assume that humans will always have aggressive impulses and will commit violent acts if the impulses are not in check. Sigmund Freud was convinced that humans have a buildup of aggressive energy and needs to be drained before it gets to a dangerous level. This is called the psychodynamic or hydraulic model. Freud believes that if the aggressive energy is built up and not released through catharsis then a violent outburst is inevitable. Catharsis could be as simple as playing or watching a sport to release the energy that is building up. Ethologists study animal behavior and relate it to human behavior. Konrad Lorenz believed that aggression is an inherited instinct of both humans and animals. Lorenz discusses two types of aggressive behavior territoriality and ritualized aggression. Territoriality is an instinctual behavior to attack an intruder to prevent any further territory violation. Ritualized aggression is a way to keep a species from extinguishing itself. It is a way to display superiority through show of teeth, size, and color. Once the more dominant of the species win the weaker shows defeat by lowering their head, rolling on their back or even just emitting a defeating cry. The frustration-aggression hypothesis was credited by a group of psychologists at Yale. They proposed that aggression is a direct result of frustration. This hypothesis drew a lot of research but criticism as well. Psychologists found it difficult to measure frustration and accurately define it. Researchers found that frustration was more complex than Dollard and his associates had originally thought because frustration does not always lead to aggressive behavior. Experiments have shown that people respond to frustration differently. Berkowitz reformed this hypothesis with the cognitive-neoassociation model. This model functions as a physical or psychological event provokes aggressive behavior. Like a driver causing an accident on purpose because the driver cut them off. Berkowitz studied how weapons affect aggressive behavior. He states that the mere presence of aggressive stimuli in the external environment increased the possibility of an aggressive response. For example a gun. Most people associate a gun with aggressive behavior so even when it is not being used it is more likely to invoke an aggressive response. The research done by Berkowitz with the weapons effect generated controversy as to whether weapons actually provoke an aggressive response.Zillmann proposed a theory called excitation transfer theory. This theory is based on the assumption that a physiological arousal will lower as time goes on but when someone encounters something that arouses them again they are holding onto residual arousal from the first time and they react more than they should. For example, if someone had a bad experience at work that day and came home to a mess they had to clean up they may overreact to the mess. This theory is closely related to displaced aggression theory, where when someone expresses their aggression on someone who is innocent. For example someone was given criticism from their boss and cannot express any aggression towards them but comes home and the dog knocked over something off the counter so they expressed their aggression towards the dog and overreacted.
3)Respond to Student B below (at least 2 full paragraphs required):
(Student B) Aggression is not always violent. It’s been argued that aggression has helped humans survive throughout history in many ways and is the foundation of solving individual and social problems. Some researchers even believe aggression is biological and genetic, but other researchers believe aggression is learned through social interactions with other humans, although there is proof of aggressive behavior in the animal kingdom. Baron (1983) claimed that if aggression is genetic in humans, we should create an environment for all that discourages and ultimately stops this type of behavior by creating consequences that take effect immediately. Other ways that were considered to control and stop aggressive behavior include psychosurgery, electrode implants, and drug control. The other argument, if aggression is learned and not genetic, has a different outlook on how it should be handled. If humans are not born aggressive and only learn to be from social, situational, and environmental factors, then this can be controlled by supervising and altering those factors. There are socially approved forms of aggression that are necessary, like being in the military or a police officer, that ends up being of help to others, but there is also an inappropriate way to express aggression such as violence.
The post Discuss the various theoretical perspectives on aggression, including the research in support of or refuting these perspectives. appeared first on Ink Essays.
Welcome to originalessaywriters.com, our friendly and experienced essay writers are available 24/7 to complete all your assignments. We offer high-quality academic essays written from scratch to guarantee top grades to all students. All our papers are 100% plagiarism-free and come with a plagiarism report, upon request
Tell Us “Write My Essay for Me” and Relax! You will get an original essay well before your submission deadline.
