Defense Mechanisms ***(Essay in the form of a reflective paper) Freud proposed that defense mechanisms serve important purposes. Briefly explain what a defense mechanism is and why defense mechanisms are used. Describe a real-life example of a defense mechanism used by someone you know (but don’t use their real name). Do you think that this type of defense mechanism is commonly used by this person? Why or why not? What effect does using this type of defense mechanism have on the person’s life? Describe another real-life example of a defense mechanism used by yourself. Do you think that you commonly use this type of defense mechanism? Why or why not? What effect does using this type of defense mechanism have on your life? Note (from Engler’s Personality Theories): It is much easier, of course, to observe defense processes at work in someone else; however, some of the following hints may help you to spot them in yourself. Have you ever “forgotten” an important event, such as an assigned test or a dentist appointment? You may also recall momentarily forgetting the name of someone you know quite well. Such occasions indicate the tendency we all have to repress. Memory gaps about childhood events, in which you can recall only part of an event but not what preceded or followed, may indicate that the event involved certain traumatic elements that make it hard for you to remember it completely. Have your parents ever told you about an experience that you had as a child but cannot remember? Have you ever found yourself laughing at an inappropriate moment? You may have compensated for an impulse you are ashamed of by reaction formation. Have you ever provided an alibi for something you did or did not do? Could it have been an attempt to rationalize your behavior? Can you recall ever taking out your anger on someone who was helpless, such as a child or pet? Use of scapegoats is a common form of displacement. What kinds of leisure activities, sports, or creative and artistic activities do you enjoy? Through sublimation you may have been able to redirect certain antisocial impulses into socially approved and constructive behaviors. Sublimation is one of the more productive defense mechanisms available to us. In short, we all have and need defenses. Recognizing the use of a defense mechanism is not an occasion for finding fault with ourselves; rather, it is an opportunity for further exploration of our use of defense mechanisms so that they can be employed to foster instead of hinder growth. .
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