Darwin’s theory on natural selection provided one of the most intellectual revolutions of human history that helped in changing the perception of people about the world and their place in it.
Charles Darwin founded the theory and supported it with enough body of evidence. Before the theory came up, scientists believed in the work of a creator. Darwin did an extensive research to prove to scientists and other people that evolution has happened. This discussion delineates on Darwin’s natural selection theory argument, the foundation of his scientific revolution principles, and why he found natural selection convincing. Darwin’s argument for natural selection is in four categories called processes. One of the components is variation where he argued that organisms within a population exhibited individual differences or variations in terms of behaviors and appearance (Browne, 2003, p. 542). The variations of the organisms include their hair color, body sizes, voice properties, facial markings, and the number of offspring among others. He also identified some organisms that showed fewer differences in their traits (such as the number of eyes in the vertebrates). The second component is inheritance, some traits being passed from parents to offspring (Browne, 200, p. 543). Others are as a result of environmental conditions and therefore manifest less heritability. The third component was high population growth where he observed that many of the populations had more offspring that the local resources could support. Therefore, this has led to the struggle of resources and in the process the subsequent generation experienced substantial mortality. The last component refers to the differential survival and reproduction in which he argued that those organisms that had well suited traits and capability to struggle for the scarce resources had higher chances of bearing offspring in the next generations. Therefore, the underpinning essence of the theory is that organisms from one generation to another struggle for the scarce resources, a situation he called ‘struggle for existence’ that favored those with certain variations (Browne, 2003, p. 338). The traits that give advantage to the organisms are those that end up surviving in the process. Natural selection operates on a trait that possesses heritable variation to confer an advantage when it comes to the competition over resources. In case the trait or the heritable variation is missing, the trait cannot experience natural selection. The scientific principle that Darwin used as a foundation for this theory was that specified interbreeding change over time and space (Browne, 2003, p. 305). This meant that the species that live presently have some differences with those that existed in the past in other geographical locations. These organisms differed in their traits and inherent behaviors, and this was evident in the studies of the fossil records that supported the claim. The second proof was that organisms share common ancestors with others. He argued that, in the past, populations were divided into different species that shared common ancestral traits. The last scientific principle that he used in formulating the theory was that evolution is a slow gradual process, a claim that was supported by the records of the fossils and from his own experience. Since he was born, he did not experience an organism change into a new species. He found natural selection convincing through the observation that he made during his youthful voyage on survey with the Beagle ship (Browne, 2003, p. 533). He encountered different organisms and noticed differences that formed his scope of evidence that there was natural selection taking place. For instance, on Galapagos Island, he noticed that there were slight variations in the tortoises from different islands. Furthermore, he also experienced noticeable differences in the finches that lived in different islands. Even though the finches appeared to resemble, they differed from those on the Ecuador mainland. Therefore, the similarities in the patterns and distribution of organisms played a crucial role in Darwin’s thinking, giving rise to the natural selection theory.
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