Please read 1)-3) below:
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Get Help Now!1) Compare and contrast Sutherland’s differential association theory and Akers’ differential association-reinforcement theory.
2 full paragraphs are required (Hint: 150-200 Words)
2)Respond to A(2 full paragraphs required (Hint: 150-200 Words).
Sutherland’s differential association theory discusses how delinquent behavior is something that is picked up simply by being in the world. Children and teens learn how to misbehave by watching others do wrong behavior. So if a child hangs out with kids who skip school and steal all the time they’ll be more likely to take after that friend. On the other hand Aker’s differential association-reinforcement theory sort of pans out delinquency as a trial and error process. To be more specific, the theory is stating that behavior can either have a positive impact or a negative impact on a child and/or teen. For example if a young driver is going over the speed limit and crashes into a pole and walks away with a broken arm and a couple of scratches, they are less likely to drive over the speed limit again in order to avoid another crash, whereas if no crash happens and they have a couple of friends in the car that they are looking to impress they’ll be more likely to speed again and again. Sutherland and Aker’s theories are similar in the aspect that they see negative behavior as something that comes from other individuals as a whole. Both theories kind of place blame on other people rather than the single person who’s committing the acts.
3)Respond to B(2 full paragraphs required (Hint: 150-200 Words).
both of these theories are similar in the fact that they both propose social interactions with others as a potential cause for deviant behavior. What makes the Differential Association Theory different is Akers comparing his “revision” of Sutherland’s theory to the famous Pavlov experiment with his dogs.Ivan Pavlov was originally conducting a study to measure the amount of saliva dogs produce when it’s time for them to be fed. What he realized after a few trials is that the dogs were already salivating before they had the food because they could hear his assistant’s footsteps, which the dogs had learned meant it was time to eat. Pavlov continued his research with different sounds (a metronome, for example), and each time the dogs learned to expect food with a certain sound, they would salivate. For this reason, Ivan Pavlov is the founder of Classical Conditioning.To shorten the explanation, Akers is basically elaborating on the social interactions Sutherland discussed. These people didn’t just talk to someone else and magically decide to do something deviant, they were classically conditioned to have learned behavior about whatever it is they’re doing. Steal the food, I’m not hungry anymore (positive reinforcement). Don’t steal the food, I’m still hungry (negative consequence).
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