First Safe Injection Site (SIS) in Canada was opened in Vancouver as a result of Opioid Overdose Harm Reduction (OOHR) policy implementation in 2002. At SISs, people who inject drugs can access a range of medical services, including access to detox services and transitional housing support.
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Get Help Now!Hollander et al. (2000) state that “Outcome evaluations are conducted to determine if a program is meeting its stated objective, they can be used to determine the relative “worth” of a program and make decisions about whether an application will be maintained, modified or ended.”
According to this framework, over 40 peer-reviewed articles were reviewed for the evaluation of safer injection sites in Vancouver. Assessment of Vancouver has shown a more reliable injecting facility that those who use SISs are more likely to enroll in drug treatment programs and other health services than those who do not use the site; those who use SISs are less likely to share syringes. The use of the facility has also been associated with increased uptake of detoxification services; the facility has been a central referral mechanism to a range of other community and medical resources and a key venue for education about safer injecting. Research has indicated that the facility has not resulted in increases in drug dealing in the facility’s vicinity, in drug acquisition crime, or rates of new drug-users (Wood, Tyndall, Montaner, & Kerr, 2006).
This report comes at a critical time: the stigma of drug use and a need to appear tough on crime in the eyes of voters make the opioid crisis a hard topic for political leaders to address on the last federal elections campaign trail. Kennedy Stewart, Mayor of Vancouver, said in his interview that “We have thousands of addicts in this city, and I think the scale of the problem just isn’t understood.” He stated that he had informal talks with three of the four major party leaders: Liberal, NDP, and Green Leaders. He has tried to set up a meeting with Conservative Leader Andrew Scheer. They historically opposed the sites saying “it fostered addiction,” fought to shut them down before losing a Supreme Court of Canada battle in 2011. Since then, eight more SISshave opened in BC. Scheer’s press secretary, Daniel Schow, said the Conservative party does not support supervised injection sites or decriminalization. “It is tragic that we have failed these Canadians to the point where drug injection sites are often the only focus of discussion instead of a comprehensive approach to addiction.” Other three party leaders were in support of safe-injection sites and had different views on the solutions to the problem. (CBC News, Sept. 2019)
In conclusion, we can say that these programs remain controversial. However, it is also important to stress that the health and community benefits demonstrated in the evaluations of the Vancouver facility are primarily consistent with reports from several European settings and Australia, and there have been no indications of community or health-related harms. (Wood et al., 2006).
References
Hollander, M. J., Miller, J. A., & Kadlec, H. (2010). Evaluation of healthcare services: asking the right questions to develop new policy and program-relevant knowledge for decision-making. Healthcare Quarterly (Toronto, Ont.), 13(4), 40–47. https://doi.org/10.12927/hcq.2013.21997
Vancouver mayor calls on federal leaders to act on overdose crisis | CBC News. (n.d.). Retrieved October 28, 2019, from https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/overdose-crisis-vancouver-election-1.5284444
Wood, E., Tyndall, M. W., Montaner, J. S., & Kerr, T. (2006, November 21). Summary of findings from the evaluation of a pilot medically supervised safer injecting facility. CMAJ, Vol. 175, pp. 1399–1404. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.060863
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