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15.4 Safety Meetings
Safety meetings should be on regular weekly basis to provide the employees with the required
procedures to keep everyone in a safe environment, as well as advising the workers of accidents
that have already happened before and how to avoid them in the future.
15.5 Fire Protection
According to OSHA Standards there are three different types of fire extinguishers classified as A, B, and C. Each type should be provided on site referring to their limitations. Placing a wrong fire extinguishers location may lead to a worst-case scenario in a fire emergency event. OSHA
standards stated that in every elevation of 3000 SF there should be at least one fire extinguisher is required in general workplace. As will in each floor of a multi-story buildings it must be at least one provided adjacent to the stairways. As well as the trucks and equipment on site should be provided with a portable fire extinguishers. To maintain the safety for the workers, a clear
emergency sign routes should be established on the site.
15.6 Jobsite Housekeeping
Housekeeping on job site maintains a cleaner area to prevent injuries for the workers such as
eliminate slippery conditions, as well as to improve productivity by providing a better control of
the tools around the jobsite area. The workplace should be cleared from any tools before and after the activity work is done.
15.7 On-site Security
A highly trained security guards is hired to keep the assets safe and ensure a public safe
environment on the job site. The security team must be at each entrance of the community gate in
addition to the cameras around the area to monitor and detect numerous types of threats.
15.8 Site Inspection
The safety engineer should conduct an initial inspection before beginning of each activity, as well as visiting the site in weekly basis in case of any safety concerns. A scheduled and random
inspections is important to inspect the quality of work on construction site. In both inspections, the parameter of timing is very important. Safety concerns must be filed and reported by the safety inspector engineer. Site inspections should be conducted and scheduled by a qualified engineer in a daily basis. It’s necessary to ensure the design and materials meets the plans and specifications. The contractor should submit an Inspection Request that includes a date and time of inspection as well as the activity and the location for it. To ensure the quality at workplace, the inspector should conduct and evaluate the work based on the specifications of the design, and the standard codes to deliver the work in a safe manner. If an error were found an immediate report must be provided to secure the activity. The inspection report should include information such as: the site condition, weather condition, comments section, scope of work, and work quality rating system. All the record data and inspection records should be kept and stored safely for the authorities upon request.
16.0 Cost Estimation
This section provides an overview of the construction cost and quantity takeoff for the proposed
project. The cost estimation for the infrastructure includes the bridge structure, water treatment,
wastewater, and drainage. A summary of the total cost amount of $5,199,238 is needed for the
infrastructure as it shown in Table 3. A detailed cost estimation for each work description is shown in Appendix A. To determine the cost of a residential home, the owner must provide the architect with the required details and instructions, since the total price depends on various factors such as: size, type of materials, finishing options, etc. To determine the cost for the resort many factors must figure out before settling the budget. A list of amenities and services should be considered in total price such as, swimming pool, and spas, fitness center, kids club, and multiple restaurants. The park will be constructed on the northern west side of the project in a 26.5-acres area, including amenities that should be considered such as gathering spaces, kid’s playground, sports court, gardens, etc. The contractor must prepare a bill of quantities (BQ) document (often prepared by the quantity surveyor) to provide detailed quantities regarding to the drawings and specification for the project.
17.0 Construction Scheduling Plan
A schedule timeframe is prepared to maintain a time management for the project milestone and to prevent scheduling conflicts as well as maximizing the possibility of delivering the project on time within the budget. The proposed project consists of a 417 working days duration needed to
complete all the phases of the project within 64 task activities.
18.0 Sustainability
Sustainable construction maintains and ensures the highest care for the residents and the visitors
by providing a healthy environment which considers one of the most important priorities in
Sonoran Villas Master Plan project. The proposed report consists of two sustainable methods
performed in consideration of environmental, economic and social aspects of life cycle. To achieve sustainability in residential construction at Sonoran Villas project, some methods were added including the following examples:
18.1 Green Roof Buildings
A green roof building has many improvements for residential construction starting from expanding the roof life span timeframe twice by comparing it to the standard roof. It protects the roofing material from any external influences such as the rain, sun heat, and wind. It also adds a potential value to the project for the LEED rating system which can be shown in Table 6 by earning up to 9 LEED evaluation points for the building. For the environment benefits, it will prevent heat regulating effect, specially in Arizona due to the desert area. It has a major impact for reducing the heat in summer by absorbing 50% of the sunlight heat and another 30% is reflected which maintains cooler weather for the building. In winter, the green roof carried moisture that added more heat regulation than the standard roof. This method has big improvements for the environment regarding the air quality such as converting CO2 into oxygen and reducing pollution. According to a study shown in Table 5, by researchers at Pennsylvania State University, the green roof has a much higher rate for average retention as well as a higher rate in retention at peak runoff.
For the community benefits, the green roof system acts as a sound-proof for the room; it provides
a quieter environment area. The sound waves are reflected and absorbed by the green roof system—increasing the layer of the substrate roof has a better sound insulation. The green roof system reduced and absorbed the noise levels by 50% comparing the standard roof.
For the insulation of the green roof system, the weight that can support the roof should be
determined by the structural engineer. The green roof should be designed to protect the building
structure roof and prevent water leaking during the rainy days by providing a thick plastic sheet at the bottom layer. The timeframe for the entire installation per a house is five days in total including the materials delivery, and the total cost will typically run between $18 to $22 per square foot.
18.2 LEED Green Building Certification
The U.S. Green Building Council’s LEED points rating system has four different certification
levels which include the Platinum, Gold, Silver, and Certified which can be seen in Figure 10. As
part of providing sustainable residential homes, the proposed project design will compute a LEED standard’s requirements, at very beginning of The Sonoran Villas Master Plan Project, the
construction process for the residential homes has been evaluated based on LEED gold standards. The residential homes at the proposed project will gain a total of 62 points out of 110 total points (Table 6) which will achieve the gold certification. The contractor faces considerable obstacles on the way to choosing a correct certification strategy and accomplishing the primary standard demands for gaining the target rating. To be more specific, the well-established point-scoring system relies on considering five categories of green design, including materials and resources, water efficiency, indoor environmental quality, energy and atmosphere, and sustainable sites to receive the aspired gold certification, the project designer and contractor considers all green design categories in-depth, look over the level’s standards, and opt for an appropriate tactics. The latter element is crucial for maintaining an excellent performance within lower use of energy, water efficiency, sustainable sites, materials and resources, atmosphere, and indoor environmental quality. A study determined by the U.S. Green Building Council, mentioned that LEED certified buildings use 25% less energy, 11% less water, and 34% less carbon dioxide than the standard home buildings. In long term benefits, the cost of monthly utilities and the annual maintenance will be less by 20% comparing to the standard home building.
19.0 Value Engineering (VE)
Value Engineering is the systematic way for improvements during the construction plan to reduce and deliver the work in minimum costs while quality of work is maintained in construction site. To achieve this goal, a substitution of materials and alternative methods using less expensive materials as the same quality. One of the method to approach in this project is to consider a new product has been designed having life cycle of only two years. If a new product is to be designed using less expensive materials and resources it will be used till its life-time cycle.
An example to apply on the proposed project residential or commercial buildings, is the walls
made of concrete blocks that have a plaster finish with a pastel color tone. The standard practice
is to build the walls of masonry blocks. It will be plaster with mortar. There will be several coats
of acrylic-based pasting and finally coats of paint with desired color. Plaster has a layer of mortar
of about one inch in thickness. After analysis, it shows that it is not necessary to build walls with
multiple layers of plaster and then paint with a pastel color tone, but it is desired to have a plaster type finish with a pastel color tone. This purpose can be obtained by alternative methods that will
lead to Value Engineering. In alternative method, wall with concrete block masonry can be built. Instead of plastering, pasting, painting, etc. that we had originally planned, a method of finishing the application of a cementitious stucco can be applied. Since the cementitious stucco has the color already integrated, it would not be necessary to carry out the plastering, pasting and painting processes that were required with conventional plaster. In this way, there will be savings in labor, time, transportation, and even in the total weight of the finished walls. Thus, by applying the principles in projects of high value can be done with low price. Another method of value engineering can be used in this project is applying the SMART planning methods within the residential and commercial buildings to cut project costs and increasing the project values.
20.0 Conclusion
The construction industry methods are changing every year; the priority is to develop new methods to reduce overall cost and delivering the project within budget and timeframe. This report highlights a comprehensive overview on what to expect from this development project. The overview included a vison of sustainability methods to approach which includes green roof
residential buildings as well as reaching the LEED gold certification. The construction report
indicates a comprehensive plan to deliver high-quality work with minimum duration and capital
costs. The report includes methods to minimize construction change orders to prevent delays of
the work progress. A professional and high-skilled leadership and management team will enhance the chance to complete the proposed project using this report. The goal of this construction report is to provide a strategy plan for delivering the project within the budget, specified timeframe and exceed the expectation for the future residents.
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