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Plato’s Five Regimes
The five types of regimes discussed by Philosopher Plato include aristocracy, timocracy, oligarchy, democracy, and tyranny. Aristocracy according to Plato is a form of government by a philosophical king (Zhu, 2017). Therefore, the decisions made are based on wisdom and reason. Aristocratic states are formed of three caste-like parts. The three parts include philosophers who are governing the state, the soldiers who are enforcing the rulings of the philosophers and the majority who are allowed to own property and produce goods to sustain themselves.
Aristocracy degenerates into timocracy when the next generation of leaders are required to own property. Governors of timocracy value power and acquire it through military conquest. They acquire power since they are motivated by the love of honor or ambition (Zhu, 2017). A timocrat is regarded by Plato as obedient to authority, good at listening and respectful. Timocracy degenerates into an oligarchy where there is a distinction between the rich and the poor. The governors in timocracy who already own property continue to accumulate wealth. The society is prompted to adjust their laws to accommodate the lust of the wealthy governors (Zhu, 2017). Plato describes some common problems faced by oligarchies during his days including instability, poor distribution of powers, and poor performance during military campaigns.
Oligarchy then degenerates into a democracy where freedom is supreme. The lower class increases in number, they live the way they want and do what they want. The situations almost resemble anarchy (Zhu, 2017). The democratic man, however, is consumed by the unnecessary desires for riches. The leader is thus more concerned about his money and not necessary how to help people. Democracy degenerates into tyranny where people are not controlled and the society is in chaos (Zhu, 2017). The tyranny is the son of a democratic who does not care about the law. For instance, the tyranny can engage in plundering and murdering. Plato describes the tyranny as an unsatisfied man since the unjust actions cannot satisfy him.
References
Zhu, P. (2017). Moral Psychology and Degenerate Regimes in Plato’s Republic.
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