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Module Aims
The aim of the module is to enable the student to
critically evaluate a pilot or small scale development initiative which will
enhance service provision and to critically appraise the impact of learning on their personal
and professional development and practice.
Learning Outcomes
By the end of this module
students should be able to:
- Critically evaluate
current service delivery and identify the need for development; - Accurately articulate
a development project and the risks and benefits for stakeholders; - Synthesise the
personal and professional development achieved.
Indicative
Module Content
This module will
familiarise students to project management including, stakeholder groups, the
use of SWOT force field analysis, Gantt charts, transformational leadership and
team working. The need for baseline
audit and critical analysis of current practice will be introduced and the
process of evaluation will be discussed.
Students will consider their own values and beliefs and how these may
impact on their project. Evidence for movement within the workplace culture and
how this process may occur and its impact measured will be debated to support
person-centred, safe, effective care.
The normative ethical considerations of undertaking work-based projects
and the role of insider/researcher or practitioner-researcher including
benefits and limitations will be contemplated. Students will complete a
checklist identifying that the project chosen will not require Ethics panel
clearance.
Assessment Task
A 4000 word project report based on an area of development
the student has identified during the programme which will include a project
plan (methodology and ethical considerations) and recommendations for further
practice. This may include extracts from the student’s e-portfolio.
Detailed Suggested
Assignment Structure and timeline for completion.
- Cover Sheet – Include
name; student number; module code and module title; Title of Project
Proposal Report; Word count
- Contents page- As
this is a report style assessment task, it is appropriate to include a
contents page listing all of the section headings.
- Title: It should
be concise and descriptive. It must be informative and catchy. An
effective title not only piques the readers interest, but also predisposes
him/her favourably towards the proposal. The title may need to be revised
during or after completion of writing of the protocol to reflect more
closely the sense of the study, so do not get bogged down with this in the
beginning.
- Abstract (+/-200 words) The abstract is a short summary of the entire
proposal. It not just mentioning the study’s purpose or hypothesis.
Therefore, the abstract should outline the proposal’s major headings: the
question, proposed theoretical framework, design, data and analysis
procedures etc. A good abstract accurately reflects the content of the
proposal, while at the same time being coherent, readable, and concise. Do
not add any information in the abstract that is not previously discussed
throughout the proposal. Because it highlights the entire proposal, it
would be wise to wait and write the abstract last. This way, you can just
re-word information that was previously written in the main body.
- Introduction: (+/- 300 words) The introduction
provides the reader with the background information. Its purpose is to
establish a framework for the research/piece of work, so that readers can understand
how it relates to other research/clinical standard/guideline etc. It
should answer the question of why the research or change is important/
needs to be done and what will be its relevance. It puts the proposal in
context. The introduction typically begins with a statement of the identified
statement of the problem in precise and clear terms.
The statement of the
problem is the essential basis for the construction of a research proposal
(research objectives, hypotheses, methodology, work plan and budget etc). It is
an integral part of selecting a research topic. It will guide and put into
sharper focus the research design being considered for solving the problem. It
allows the investigator to describe the problem systematically, to reflect on
its importance, its priority in the country and region and to point out why the
proposed research on the problem should be undertaken. It also facilitates peer
review of the research proposal by the funding agencies
Identify
key search terms, inclusion/exclusion criteria, sources of evidence. Undertake
and complete systematic search
for literature
- Literature Review
(+/- 2000 words) Then it is necessary to provide the context and set
the stage for the identified question in such a way as to show its
necessity and importance. This step is necessary for the investigators to
familiarise themselves with the existing body of knowledge about the
research problem or practice-based issue , to find out whether or not
others have investigated the same or similar problems and identify ‘gaps’
in the existing evidence base, therefore further reinforcing the need for
your proposed research to be undertaken.
This step is
accomplished by a thorough and critical review of the literature and by
personal communication with experts (e.g. your organisation’s clinical audit
team, clinical boards and committees, etc). It helps further understanding of
the problem proposed for research/investigation and may lead to refining the
statement of the problem, and in formulation and selection of a research
hypothesis.
It shows that you
have done your groundwork, strengthens your argument, ensures that you are not
“re-inventing the wheel” and demonstrates your understanding of the identified
problem/issue. It also gives due credit to those key authors who have laid the
groundwork for your proposed research. In a proposal, the literature review is
generally focused and to the point. The literature selected should be pertinent
and relevant.
- Outline methodology
(+/-300 words) Once you have
defined your question/s, you need to succinctly set out broadly what you
plan to do to answer them, and why.
Your outline methodology should explain:
-if it is research, the broad approach that you plan to
take and why, whether qualitative, quantitative, or a mixture of both is appropriate
and to show that you understand the difference between these approaches.
-Some idea of what exactly you plan to do within that research
approach: research methods; your study population, data collection/the
techniques that you’ll use, such as questionnaires, interviews, or both, again
with good academic reasons for your choice (backed up with references);
-Any weaknesses in your planned approach, and how you plan
to overcome them;
How what you plan to do links back to your research
questions and will help you to answer them;
-How you will analyse the results/data, with good academic
reasons for your selections.
-This section is designed to show that you know what you’re
going to do, and why. It will also serve to show whether you’re trying to do
too much/too little, which your supervisor should point out to you at an early
stage.
8. Preliminary Suppositions /results. (+/-150 words). Just because you don’t
have to actually conduct the study/piece of work and analyse the results, it
doesn’t mean you can skip talking about potential implications. The purpose of
this section is to argue how and in what ways you believe your work will
refine, revise, or extend existing knowledge/practice in the subject area under
investigation. Depending on the aims and objectives of your study, describe how
the anticipated results will impact future scholarly research, theory,
practice, forms of interventions, or policymaking. It is one of the few times
that you will be permitted to do this as a structured bullet point list.
When thinking about the potential implications of your work,
ask the following questions:
What suggestions for subsequent
research could arise from the potential outcomes of the study?
- What will the
results mean to practitioners in the natural settings of their workplace? - Will the
results influence programs, methods, and/or forms of intervention? - How might the
results contribute to the solution of social, economic, or other types of
problems in practice? - Will the
results influence organisational policy decisions? - In what way do
individuals or groups benefit should your study be pursued? - What will be
improved or changed as a result of the proposed work? - How will the
results be implemented, and what innovations will come about?
- NOTE: This section should not delve into idle
speculation, opinion, or be formulated on the basis of unclear evidence. The purpose
is to reflect upon gaps or understudied areas of the current literature and
describe how your proposed research contributes to a new understanding of the
research problem should the study be implemented as designed.
- Ethical considerations (+/-200
words) -The proposal must describe the measures that will be
undertaken to ensure that the proposed research is carried out in
accordance with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki on
Ethical Principles for Medical research involving Human Subjects. Any
study involving human or animal subjects will need ethical approval, which
will usually be from the university’s ethics committee. There is a
standard form to complete, which you should complete and submit as an
appendix to your research proposal. The template will be provided in the
‘forms and templates’ folder on the module BB .
Generally for student projects we would advise against proposing
an idea that would require university and/or NHS ethical approval, but as you
are imagining yourself as a paramedic putting forward a proposal, if you can truly
justify the need and feel that it meets ethical requirement standards, then you
may choose such a topic.
In practice,
ethical committee approval form may include questions such as:
Will research
participants include any of the following groups?
- Children under 18
- Children in care
- Individuals with a learning disability
- Individuals suffering from dementia
- Prisoners
- Young offenders (16-21 years old)
- Individuals in Care Homes
- Elderly persons
- Individuals without legal capacity to consent
- Other Vulnerable Groups
- Specific Ethnic Groups
10. Conclusions ( +/-350 words) The conclusion reiterates the
importance or significance of your proposal and provides a brief summary of the
entire study. This section should be only one or two paragraphs long,
emphasizing why the research problem is worth investigating, why your proposed
idea is unique, and how it should
advance existing knowledge. Someone reading this section should come away with
an understanding of:
- A reiteration of why the work should be done,
- The specific purpose of the work and the key questions it attempts
to answer, - If it is research, the decision to why the research design and
methods used were chosen over other options, - The potential implications emerging from your proposed study of
the identified problem, and - A sense of how your work fits within the broader scholarship about
the identified problem.
- 11. Reflection on Personal
and Professional Development +/-500 words – Lastly for this assessment
task, although not usually a standard part of a proposal, you will need to
write a brief reflection on your learning and development from undertaking this
exercise. The reason for this is it will help the reader to gauge your ‘lived
experience’ of becoming ‘research ready’ and how it will prepare you to become
an instrument for ensuring evidence based best practice.
Items excluded from the word count
Cover page
Contents page
Titles and headings
Appendices
Diagrams and images (use
sparingly and place in appendix)
References
Completed Project plan (place as
appendix)
Completed Ethics form (place as appendix)
Completed project supervision
Learning Contract (place as appendix)
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