21) The View That The Major Media In A Country Is Predominantly Owned By Large Corporations And Therefore Can Control…

21) The view that the major media  in a country is predominantly owned by large corporations and therefore can  control and filter information to the public that benefits its own interests  would be a perspective supporting:

A.    The condition of hegemony

1. Conflict Theory
2. Symbolic interaction theory
3. A & B
4. A & C 

22) Sociological studies support Durkheim’s theory that people who are married are less likely to commit suicide than people who are divorced.  In this example, marital status is a (an):

                A.     hypothesis.

B.     independent variable

               C.    Dependent variable

                        D.    Random Variable.   ** A variation

23) An operational  definition of a concept informs others (readers of a study) how a concept is actually measured in the study.  If it doesn’t do this then the definition is most likely  a

                A. a false definition

                B.  a bad definition

                C.  no use as a definition

                D.  a conceptual definition

24)  Zygmunt Bauman, in his Chapter titled “Us & Them” used the phrase the imaginaryus  in his discussion of Patriotism as Ideals we’d like to believe about our perceived in-group but may not be true.

                A. True

                B. False

25) There is an on-going argument in society over whether same-sex couples should have the right to get married.  When that right was passed  by some states in favor of gay marriage then what actually changed for everyonein these communities?

1. a value
2. a norm
3. a  law   
4. All of the above 26) In applying a type of economic exchange theory to understanding behavior, Foa’s definition of aggression as “the intention of one person or group to take away a resource from another person or group “ is an example of :                       A. a conceptual definitionB. an operational definitionC. a common sense definitionD. all of the above 27) In  a famous study by Stanley Milgram’s on obedience *,  a behavioristic definition of aggression was implemented by  using variations of shock inflicted by one subject against another subject to measure the degree of aggression.  This measure is an example of: A) a conceptual definitionB) an operational definitionC) a common sense definitionD) all of the above *Even if we don’t cover  this study by the time you take this exam…you still have enough information from the course to answer the main focus of the question  at this point in time!  28) Durkheim’s use of the concept of anomie in explaining variations in suicide between different  groups is based on the strength or vulnerability of one’s  agreement system at any one time. This agreement system can be reflected in one’s                             A. religion,B. state of matrimonyC. employability       D. all of the above  29) In Lemert’s labeling theory of deviance, primary deviance is considered to be temporary most of the time and  others may normalize it.  In other words, initial rule breaking may not establish a deviant identity in the public’s eye until a public official or specialist makes the label stick.

1. True
2. False    30)  From a sociologically perspective, the Zimbardo prison study and  the Solomon Asch conformity study  were similar in that they revealed the potential power of dominant personalities over social positions and situational  roles . (Both studies are discussed in the Conley text!) A.  true B.  false  31) It only takes two people to create a language regardless of how long it may endure.                a. True                                             b. False 32) In the Pulp Fiction movie example (pages  6 & 7 of the Conley text) is a good demonstration of how the sociological imagination can question whether examples of another cultures agreement reality are any more or less deviant from our own reality.A. True                                            B. False 

33) Conflict theory and structural functionalism are considered  to be both  macro and micro theories within sociology!

             A. True                                             B. False

34) According to our sociology text,  symbolic interaction theory suggests  one’s social identity is basically the sum total of individual stories exchanged  and supported between pairs of individuals.

                A. True                                             B. False

35)* Compared to students who go to college, students with  only high school  education tend to believe that race is primarily based on biology,  whereas  more students  with a  college education believe race is socially constructed….i.e., difference in skin color, hair texture , thickness of lips, etc.,  are only  superficial difference of human beings and have no direct /real biological  effect on personality, intellectual ability, general music ability , etc.  A research study revealed that the primary reason for this education level difference is based on:

A. The degree of prejudice between family back grounds of  students who only have a high education.

B. The quality of textbooks and classes  on race between the two types of education.

C. Student experience with interracial contact is greater in college than high school.

D. All of the above.

(*Material  for answering this question is in Chap #1 even though we will not officially discuss race at length until Chapter9!)

36) Sociological research that supports that racial discrimination is alive and well in sections of the  work  world of the United States can be found  by job applications being passed over because of :

A) zip codes

B) birth names

C) level of writing ability

D) all of the above

37) The meaning of consumerism or consumer culture as covered in our sociology text refers to

A) psychological studies that support  positive benefits of advertising and shopping in the U.S. economic system?

B) the belief that  happiness and fulfillment can be achieved through the acquisition of material       possessions.

C) Both A & B

38)The generalized other is actually  similar to status positions in the everyday world in that  they both provide symbolic keys to making social life predictable among strangers.

                A) true                                                            B) false

39) The basic difference between  families  on the success of children moving through the educational system , i.e. the inevitability of doing well in school and going on to college were:

A) the social class of the parents

B) the differential quality of the schools (public as well as private)

C) assessments of students early motivation in grade school

D) A & B

E)  B & C

40) The strength of weak ties is based on the degree of  ________in  indirect paths within a social network.

                A. structural holes

                B. embeddedness

                C.  Both A & B

                D. All of the above

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